英文摘要

FIVE COMPONENTS OF READING INSTRUCTION
Phonemic awareness---manipulating speech sound
Phonics---mapping sounds and printed words
Fluency---speed and accuracy in reading aloud
Vocabulary---learning new words
Comprehension---deriving meaning from different types of text
THE EXPLORATORY FINDINGS
Impact of reading instruction over the study's three years: the higher grades,the less influence
Length of exposure to reading first:X
Site to site variation:X
Time spent on five components of reading instruction:positive